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Answer: X-rays are a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging approximately from 0.01 to 10 nanometers (nm). They possess much shorter wavelengths and higher energies than visible light, allowing them to penetrate many materials. This unique property makes X-rays useful in medical imaging, industrial inspection, and scientific research.
Unlike visible light, X-rays are invisible to the human eye. They travel at the speed of light and exhibit wave-particle duality, behaving as both electromagnetic waves and photons.
Figure 1. Position of X-rays in the electromagnetic spectrum. X-rays occupy the region between ultraviolet (UV) radiation and gamma rays and have wavelengths ranging from approximately 0.01 to 10 nm, making them suitable for crystal structure analysis using X-ray diffraction.
Key Points
- X-rays are electromagnetic radiation.
- Wavelength range: 0.01–10 nm.
- They possess high energy and short wavelengths.
- They are invisible to the human eye.
- They are widely used in XRD, XRF, medical imaging, and industrial inspection.
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